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name: okyline description: > Expert assistant for the Okyline schema language — create, edit, and convert JSON validation schemas using declarative, example-driven syntax with inline constraints. metadata: version: "2.0.0" author: Okyline repository: Okyline/Okyline-skill

Okyline Schema Language v1.4.0

Okyline is a declarative language for describing and validating JSON structures using inline constraints on field names. Schemas are valid JSON documents with real example values.

⚠️ Before any schema generation

MANDATORY: Read the reference files BEFORE producing an Okyline schema:

1. references/syntax-reference.md — complete syntax of constraints
2. references/internal-references.md — $defs and $ref
3. references/conditional-directives.md — if conditional logic
4. references/expression-language.md — if $compute is necessary
5. references/virtual-fields.md — if $field (virtual fields) is necessary

Never generate a schema based solely on this SKILL.md file. The examples here are a summary, not an exhaustive reference.

$ref: when to use

Use $defs/$ref when:

1. Recursion (mandatory — only way to express recursive structures)
2. Repeated structures identical across multiple usages (e.g. Period, Address)
3. Template pattern — base structure specialized per usage via $override (e.g. Coding)
4. Explicit user request

Default → inline in $oky. Don't over-abstract — factorize only when it reduces real duplication or expresses a meaningful shared type.

Core Syntax

"fieldName | constraints | label": exampleValue

• fieldName: JSON field name
• constraints: Validation rules (space-separated)
• label: Optional human-readable description
• exampleValue: Determines the inferred type

If a label is present without constraints, use | |:

❌ "acheteur|Client" → "Client" parsed as constraint! ✅ "acheteur| |Client" → "Client" is the label

Minimal Schema Structure

{
  "$oky": {
    "name|@ {2,50}|User name": "Alice",
    "email|@ ~$Email~": "[email protected]",
    "age|(18..120)": 30
  }
}

Essential Constraints

Symbol	Meaning	Example
@	Required field	"name|@": "Alice"
?	Nullable (can be null)	"middle|?": "John"
{min,max}	String length	"code|{5,10}": "ABC123"
(min..max)	Numeric range	"age|(18..65)": 30
('a','b')	Enum values	"status|('ACTIVE','INACTIVE')": "ACTIVE"
~pattern~	Regex or format	"email|~$Email~": "[email protected]"
[min,max]	Array size	"tags|[1,5]": ["eco"]
[*]	Array (no size constraint)	"items|[*]": [1, 2]
->	Element validation constraint	"tags|[*] -> {2,10}": ["eco"]
!	Unique elements	"codes|[*]!": ["A","B"]
#	Key field (for object uniqueness)	"id|#": 123
$ref	Reference to definition (type indicator, not a validation constraint)	"address|$ref": "&Address"

Open-ended numeric constraints

When only one bound is needed, use comparison operators:

Syntax	Meaning	Example
(>0)	Strictly positive	"quantity|(>0)": 5
(>=0)	Positive or zero	"price|(>=0)": 29.99
(<100)	Strictly < 100	"percentage|(<100)": 50
(<=100)	≤ 100	"score|(<=100)": 85

❌ Never invent syntax with missing bound: (0..), (..100) ✅ Use comparisons: (>=0), (<=100)

❌ Never use huge placeholder bounds: (0..99999999), (-99999999..100) ✅ Use comparisons: (>=0), (<=100)

⚠️ INVALID SYNTAX — Okyline does NOT support open ranges:

• ❌ (0..), (..100), (1..*), (0..*)
• These will cause validation errors

Unbounded collection size

Use * to indicate "no limit":

Syntax	Meaning
[*]	Array with no size constraint
[1,*]	At least 1 element, no maximum
[~pattern~:*]	Map with validated keys, unlimited entries

❌ Never omit a bound: [1,], [~pattern~:] ✅ Use * explicitly: [1,*], [~pattern~:*]

Built-in Formats

Use with ~$FormatName~: $Date, $DateTime, $Time, $Email, $Uri, $Uuid, $Ipv4, $Ipv6, $Hostname

Type Inference Rules

• Type is inferred from example value (no explicit declarations)
• 42 → Integer, 3.14 → Number, "text" → String, true → Boolean
• Arrays must have at least one element for type inference
• null cannot be used as example — no type can be inferred. Use ? for nullable fields with a real example value:

❌ "middleName|?": null ✅ "middleName|?{1,50}": "Marie"

❌ "discount|?(0..100)": null ✅ "discount|?(0..100)": 15

Decimal Values Ending in .00

JSON serializers drop trailing zeros: 78.00 becomes 78. To preserve decimal precision in examples, wrap in quotes:

❌ "amount": 78.00 → Serialized as 78, type inferred as Integer ✅ "amount": "78.00" → Preserved, type inferred as Number

This only affects decimals with zero fractional parts (.00, .0). Regular decimals (45.5) and integers (10) are unaffected.

⚠️ ? vs Absence — Critical Distinction

? and "optional field" are NOT the same thing in Okyline:

	Meaning	When to use
No @	Field may be absent from the document	FHIR optional fields, nullable in most APIs
?	Field may be explicitly null	Only when null is a meaningful intentional value

// ❌ Wrong — using ? for optional fields (common LLM mistake)
"meta|?|Resource metadata": { ... }
"subType|?|Claim subtype": { ... }

// ✅ Correct — optional = no @, never ?
"meta||Resource metadata": { ... }
"subType||Claim subtype": { ... }

// ✅ ? only when null is intentional and meaningful
"active|?|Explicitly unknown status": true

In FHIR R4 and most REST APIs, absent fields are simply omitted — they are never sent as null. Use ? only when the standard explicitly allows null as a distinct semantic value (e.g. "unknown" vs "not provided").

Legacy Null Tolerance

{ "$nullAsAbsentIfUndeclared": true }

When true, a null value on a field not marked ? is treated as absent instead of invalid. Use only for legacy systems that send null instead of omitting fields. Default: false.

Polymorphism vs Structural Directives — Key Distinction

These look similar but serve different purposes:

	Target	Meaning
$exactlyOne / $mutuallyExclusive	Fields of an object	Constrain presence of sibling fields
$oneOf / $anyOf	A single field	Constrain the structure of that field's value

// $exactlyOne — exactly one of these sibling fields must be present
"diagnosisCodeableConcept": { ... },
"diagnosisReference": { ... },
"$exactlyOne": ["diagnosisCodeableConcept", "diagnosisReference"]

// $oneOf — the payment field itself must match exactly one variant
"payment|@ $oneOf": [
  { "type|@ ('card')": "card", "cardNumber|@ {16}": "1234567812345678" },
  { "type|@ ('paypal')": "paypal", "email|@ ~$Email~": "[email protected]" }
]

Reusable Definitions — $defs and $ref

Okyline supports internal references to promote reuse and consistency.

$defs — Definition Repository

$defs is placed at root level (alongside $oky) and contains reusable schema fragments:

{
  "$oky": {
    "person": {
      "address | $ref": "&Address",
      "contact | $ref @": "&Email"
    }
  },
  "$defs": {
    "Address": {
      "street|@ {2,100}": "12 rue du Saule",
      "city|@ {2,100}": "Lyon"
    },
    "Email|~$Email~ {5,100}": "[email protected]"
  }
}

Definitions can be objects or scalars (with constraints in the key).

Reference Syntax — &Name

References use & prefix: &Address, &Email, &Person

Property-Level Reference — field | $ref

A field uses another schema as its type:

"address | $ref @": "&Address"        // Required address
"backup | $ref ?": "&Address"         // Optional, nullable
"emails | $ref [1,5]": ["&Email"]     // Array of 1-5 emails

Structural constraints (@, ?, [min,max], !) are defined locally at each usage. Value constraints ({min,max}, (min..max), ~pattern~) are inherited from the definition.

Important: $ref vs -> for arrays

$ref and -> serve different purposes:

• $ref = type indicator (what the elements ARE) — comes BEFORE ->
• -> = validation constraints (rules elements must satisfy) — comes AFTER $ref

For arrays of referenced types, $ref is placed with the array constraint, never after ->:

// Correct syntax
"items|[*] $ref": ["&Item"]                    // Array of Item references
"items|[1,10] $ref": ["&Item"]                 // Array of 1-10 Item references  
"items|[*] $ref -> {2,50}": ["&Item"]          // With additional element constraint

// Wrong syntax - $ref must never be after ->
❌ "items|[*] -> $ref": ["&Item"]

Object-Level Reference — Inheritance

Include all fields from a base schema:

{
  "$oky": {
    "Article": {
      "$ref": "&Auditable",
      "title|@ {1,200}": "Mon article"
    }
  },
  "$defs": {
    "Auditable": {
      "createdAt|@ ~$DateTime~": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
      "updatedAt|@ ~$DateTime~": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"
    }
  }
}

Multiple inheritance: "$ref": ["&Auditable", "&Deletable"]

Modifying Inherited Fields

Directive	Usage	Description
$remove	"$remove": ["field1", "field2"]	Exclude inherited fields
$override	"field | $override ...": value	Replace inherited definition
$keep	"$keep": ["&A.field"]	Resolve collision in multiple inheritance

Choosing the Right Conditional Mechanism

Need	Mechanism	Example
Field A required when field B has a specific value	$requiredIf	"$requiredIf status('ACTIVE')": ["email"]
Field A forbidden when field B has a specific value	$forbiddenIf	"$forbiddenIf status('CLOSED')": ["lastLogin"]
Field A required when field B exists/is absent	$requiredIfExist / $requiredIfNotExist	"$requiredIfExist shipping": ["address"]
Different fields depending on a value	$appliedIf switch	"$appliedIf paymentMethod": { "('CARD')": {...}, "('PAYPAL')": {...} }
Extra fields when a condition is met	$appliedIf simple	"$appliedIf status('ACTIVE')": { "workDays|@": 20 }
Exactly one field among N must be present	$exactlyOne	"$exactlyOne": ["email", "phone"]
At most one field among N	$mutuallyExclusive	"$mutuallyExclusive": ["optionA", "optionB"]
At least one field among N	$atLeastOne	"$atLeastOne": ["email", "phone", "fax"]
All or none of a group	$allOrNone	"$allOrNone": ["street", "city", "zip"]
Condition based on a computed/derived value	$field + $appliedIf	"$field tier": "%ComputeTier" then "$appliedIf tier('GOLD')": {...}
Validation depends on field's runtime type	Type Guard	"$appliedIf data(_String_)": {...}
Condition on null value	Null literal	"$requiredIf status(null)": ["fallback"]

$compute vs $field

Use $compute alone to validate field values against business rules ("total|(%CheckTotal)": 120.0).

Introduce $field only when a conditional directive needs a derived value not present in the data (e.g., a computed tier, classification, or flag). If the condition can reference an existing field directly, don't use $field.

$compute Context Rules

Expressions in $compute must be attached to a field using |(%ComputeName) syntax. The expression is evaluated in the context of the object that directly contains the annotated field — all properties of that object are accessible, including sibling arrays.

Path resolution: parent always refers to the parent of the evaluation context. Context fields are accessed directly (no prefix needed), so parent is always one level up from the context. Use parent.parent to go two levels up, or root to reach the document root directly. Use this. to disambiguate when a field name collides with a reserved keyword (parent, root, prev, next, first, last, origin).

See references/expression-language.md for full details and examples.

Schema Validation Checklist

Before delivering a schema, verify:

• $oky wrapper present
• All required fields marked with @
• No ? on fields that are simply optional (use ? only for intentional null)
• No null example values — use a real example with ? if nullable
• No empty arrays [] — at least one element for type inference
• Decimals ending in .00 quoted as strings ("78.00" not 78.00)
• Element constraints use -> (not applied directly to array field)
• $ref before ->, never after
• $compute expressions attached to fields with |(%Name)
• No two (...) constraint blocks on the same field
• Labels use | |Label syntax (not |Label)
• $id uses only letters, digits, underscores and dots
• Enums use $nomenclature or ('A','B'), not regex patterns

Reference Files

For detailed syntax and features, consult these references:

• Constraint syntax & patterns: See references/syntax-reference.md
• Conditional directives: See references/conditional-directives.md
• Expression language ($compute): See references/expression-language.md
• Internal references ($defs, $ref): See references/internal-references.md
• Virtual fields ($field): See references/virtual-fields.md

Quick Patterns

// Required email
"email|@ ~$Email~": "[email protected]"

// Required string 2-50 chars
"name|@ {2,50}": "Alice"

// Optional number range
"discount|(0..100)": 15

// Enum from nomenclature
"status|@ ($STATUS)": "ACTIVE"

// Array of unique strings, 1-10 items, each 2-20 chars
"tags|@ [1,10] -> {2,20}!": ["eco", "bio"]

// Required but nullable
"middleName|@ ?{1,50}": "Marie"

// Map with pattern keys
"translations|[~^[a-z]{2}$~:10]": {"en": "Hello", "fr": "Bonjour"}

// Reference to definition (required)
"address | $ref @": "&Address"

// Array of referenced type ($ref before ->, never after)
"items | $ref @ [1,100]": ["&OrderItem"]

// Array of referenced type with element constraint
"codes | $ref [1,10] -> {2,20}": ["&Code"]

// Object inheritance
"$ref": "&Auditable"

// Template pattern — $ref + $override inline in array element
"coding|[*]": [{
  "$ref": "&Coding",
  "code|$override @ ($MARITAL_STATUS)|Code": "M"
}]

// Property-level $ref (field IS the type, no specialization)
"period|$ref||Validity period": "&Period"

// Multiple inheritance
"$ref": ["&Auditable", "&Deletable"]

Complete Example — E-commerce Order

{
  "$version": "1.0.0",
  "$id": "ecommerce.order",
  "$title": "E-commerce order",
  "$description": "E-commerce order - Full Okyline features showcase",
  "$oky": {
    "orderId|# ~^ORD-[0-9]{8}$~|Order identifier": "ORD-20250107",
    "createdAt|@ ~$DateTime~|Creation date": "2025-01-07T14:30:00Z",
    "//createdBy|~^[A-Z]{2}[0-9]{5}$~|Created By": "PF97877",
    "customer|@|Customer info": {
      "id|# (>0)": 42,
      "email|@ ~$Email~": "[email protected]",
      "phone|? ~$Phone~|Optional phone": "+33612345678",
      "type|@ ($CUSTOMER_TYPE)": "PREMIUM",
      "$appliedIf type": {
        "('PREMIUM')": {
          "loyaltyPoints|@ (>=0)": 1500,
          "discountRate|@ (0..30)": 15
        },
        "('BUSINESS')": {
          "companyName|@ {2,100}": "Acme Corp",
          "vatNumber|@ ~$VatNumber~": "FR12345678901"
        }
      }
    },
    "shipping|@ $ref|Shipping address": "&Address",
    "billing|? $ref|Billing if different": "&Address",
    "lines|@ [1,50] -> !|Order lines": [
      {
        "sku|# ~$Sku~": "PRD-00123",
        "name|@ {2,200}": "Wireless Headphones",
        "quantity|@ (1..999)": 2,
        "unitPrice|@ (>0)": 79.99,
        "lineTotal|(%LineTotal)": 159.98,
        "category|($CATEGORY)": "ELECTRONICS"
      }
    ],
    "payment|@": {
      "method|@ ($PAYMENT_METHOD)": "CARD",
      "status|@ ($PAYMENT_STATUS)": "PAID",
      "$requiredIf status('PAID')": ["paidAt", "transactionId"],
      "$forbiddenIf status('PENDING')": ["paidAt", "transactionId"],
      "paidAt|~$DateTime~": "2025-01-07T14:32:00Z",
      "transactionId|~$TransactionId~": "TXN-A1B2C3D4E5F6"
    },
    "amounts|@|Amounts": {
      "subtotal|@ (%ValidSubtotal)": 159.98,
      "shippingCost|@ (>=0)": 5.99,
      "discount|@ (>=0)": 24.0,
      "tax|@ (>=0)": 28.39,
      "total|@ (%ValidTotal)": 170.36
    },
    "status|@ ($ORDER_STATUS)": "CONFIRMED",
    "tags|? [0,10] -> {1,30}!|Optional tags": ["gift", "express"],
    "notes|? {0,500}|Internal notes": "Handle with care"
  },
  "$defs": {
    "Address": {
      "street|@ {5,200}": "123 Main Street",
      "city|@ {2,100}": "Paris",
      "postalCode|@ ~^[0-9]{5}$~": "75001",
      "country|@ ~^[A-Z]{2}$~": "FR"
    }
  },
  "$format": {
    "Phone": "^\\+[0-9]{11,14}$",
    "VatNumber": "^[A-Z]{2}[0-9]{9,12}$",
    "TransactionId": "^TXN-[A-Z0-9]{12}$",
    "Sku": "^[A-Z]{3}-[0-9]{5}$"
  },
  "$nomenclature": {
    "CUSTOMER_TYPE": "STANDARD, PREMIUM, BUSINESS",
    "CATEGORY": "ELECTRONICS, CLOTHING, HOME, FOOD, OTHER",
    "PAYMENT_METHOD": "CARD, PAYPAL, TRANSFER, CRYPTO",
    "PAYMENT_STATUS": "PENDING, PAID, FAILED, REFUNDED",
    "ORDER_STATUS": "DRAFT, CONFIRMED, SHIPPED, DELIVERED, CANCELLED"
  },
  "$compute": {
    "LineTotal": "lineTotal == quantity * unitPrice",
    "ValidSubtotal": "subtotal > 0 && subtotal == sum(parent.lines, lineTotal)",
    "ValidTotal": "total > 0 && total == subtotal + shippingCost + tax - discount"
  }
}

Document Metadata (Optional) - Must be generated in this order

{
  "$okylineVersion": "1.4.0",
  "$version": "1.0.0",
  "$id": "my-schema",
  "$title": "My Schema",
  "$description": "Schema description",
  "$additionalProperties": false,
  "$oky": {
    ...
  },
  "$defs": { ... },
  "$format": { "Code": "^[A-Z]{3}-\\d{4}$" },
  "$compute": { "Total": "price * quantity" },
  "$nomenclature": { "STATUS": "ACTIVE,INACTIVE" }
}


**`$id` format**: Only letters, digits, underscores and dots allowed. Pattern: `^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*(\.[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)*$`
 ❌ `"personne-vehicules"` (hyphen not allowed)
 ✅ `"personne.vehicules"` or `"personne_vehicules"`

Structural Group Directives

Constrain which fields from a group must be present. No condition required.

"$atLeastOne": ["email", "phone"]               // at least one present
"$mutuallyExclusive": ["deceasedBoolean", "deceasedDateTime"]  // at most one
"$exactlyOne": ["diagnosisCode", "diagnosisRef"]  // exactly one
"$allOrNone": ["street", "city", "zip"]         // all or none

// Multiple independent groups → use suffix
"$mutuallyExclusive_deceased": ["deceasedBoolean", "deceasedDateTime"],
"$mutuallyExclusive_birth": ["multipleBirthBoolean", "multipleBirthInteger"]

See references/conditional-directives.md for full details.

$compute — Cross-Collection Pattern

To validate a constraint across an array from root context, attach the compute to the array field itself:

"insurance|@ [1,*] -> ! (%FocalInsurance)": [{
  "focal|@": true, ...
}],
"$compute": {
  "FocalInsurance": "countIf(insurance, focal) == 1"
}

• countIf(collection, expr) — counts elements where expr is truthy
• For boolean fields: countIf(insurance, focal) counts true values
• For other fields: countIf(items, status == 'ACTIVE')
• Always attach the compute to the most semantically relevant field

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Missing $oky wrapper
• Empty arrays (need at least one element)
• Confusing [1,10] (array size) with -> {1,10} (element constraint)
• Forgetting to escape backslashes in regex (\d → \\d)
• Defining $compute expressions without attaching them to fields with |(%Name)
• Using absolute paths in $compute instead of relative references to parent context
• Using $ref without the & prefix (correct: "&Address", wrong: "Address")
• Object-level $ref targeting a scalar definition (must target object schema)
• Redefining an inherited field without using $override
• Creating circular object-level references (A includes B includes A)
• Placing $defs inside $oky (must be at root level)
• Using empty brackets [] for arrays — use [*] or omit size constraint entirely
• Applying element constraints (enum, length, range) directly to array field instead of using ->: ❌ "permis|@ ('A','B','C')[]": ["B"] ✅ "permis|@ -> ('A','B','C')": ["B"] ✅ "permis|@ [1,5] -> ('A','B','C')": ["B"]
• Using hyphens in $id — only letters, digits, underscores and dots are allowed
• Placing $ref after -> for arrays of references ($ref is a type indicator, not a validation constraint): ❌ "children|[*] -> $ref": ["&Node"] ✅ "children|[*] $ref": ["&Node"] ✅ "children|[1,10] $ref -> {2,50}": ["&Node"]
• Using open-ended range syntax (0..) or (..100) — these don't exist! ❌ "price|(0..)": 29.99 ✅ "price|(>=0)": 29.99
• Using multiple value constraint blocks (...) on the same field: ❌ "montantTTC|@ (>=0) (%LigneTTC)": 4320 ✅ "montantTTC|@ (%LigneTTC)": 4320
• Using null as an example value, even with ? Okyline needs a valid example to infer the type.: ❌ "name|? ": null ✅ "name|? ": "Charles"
• Using decimal number example ending in .00 without quotes. ❌ "amount|? ": 800.00 ✅ "amount|? ": "800.00"

When a field uses $compute, ALL value constraints must be inside the compute expression:

  "$compute": {
    "LigneTTC": "montantTTC >= 0 && montantTTC == montantNetHT + montantTVA"
  }

Silent errors (no syntax error, but validation problem)

• Decimals ending in .00 → use "150.00" (otherwise inferred as Integer)
• Example null → cannot infer type
• Empty array [] → cannot infer element type
• "field|Label" → "Label" parsed as constraint (use "field| |Label")